What is the purpose of a fractionating column?
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The fractionating column is a key component in fractional distillation. It provides a surface for the vapor to cool and condense, allowing repeated vaporization and condensation (or “fractionation”). This process helps separate the components of the mixture more efficiently, especially when the boiling points of the components are close to each other. The column allows for better separation by increasing the number of distillation cycles, each of which helps purify the vapor.