Explain thermodynamic equilibrium.
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Thermodynamic Equilibrium
At a given state, all properties of a system have fixed values. Thus, if the value of even one property changes, the system’s state changes to a different one. In a system that is in equilibrium, no changes in the value of properties occur when it is isolated from its surroundings.
When the temperature is the same throughout the entire system, we consider the system to be in thermal equilibrium.
When there is no change in pressure at any point of the system, we consider the system to be in mechanical equilibrium.
When the chemical composition of a system does not vary with time, we consider the system to be in chemical equilibrium.
Phase equilibrium in a two-phase system is when the mass of each phase reaches an equilibrium level.
A thermodynamic system is said to be in thermodynamic equilibrium if it is in chemical equilibrium, mechanical equilibrium and thermal equilibrium and the relevant parameters cease to vary with time.