Determine the drying time required to reduce the moisture content of a food product from 70% to 10% given a drying rate constant of 0.5/hr.

Calculate the energy required to grind 500 kg of wheat from an average particle size of 500 microns to 50 microns using Rittinger’s law. Assume the Rittinger’s constant for wheat is 0.5 kJ/kg.

Determine the amount of water evaporated in a triple-effect evaporator when processing 5000 kg/hr of a feed solution containing 10% solids to produce a product containing 50% solids.

Determine the energy efficiency of a heat exchanger that transfers 500 kW of heat from hot fluid to cold fluid. The hot fluid enters at 150°C and exits at 100°C. The cold fluid enters at 20°C and ...Read more

Calculate the amount of oxygen that enters through a polyethylene packaging material in 24 h if the pack has a surface area of 750 cm2 and an oxygen permeability of 120 ml m2 per 24 h at 23 ...Read more

Calculate the amount of heat required to pasteurize 1000 liters of milk from 4°C to 72°C. Assume the specific heat capacity of milk is 3.9 kJ/kg°C.

Calculate the F-value for a thermal sterilization process where the product is held at 120°C for 15 minutes. Assume the D-value at 121°C is 2 minutes.